Summer stratification: a warm, oxygen-rich surface layer sits over a cold, oxygen-poor bottom. Illustration, not to scale.Epilimnionwarm, mixed by wind, oxygen-richThermoclinesharp temperature drop, little mixingHypolimnioncold, still, oxygen falls toward zeroSediment releases nutrients when it runs out of oxygenoxygennone
Summer stratification: a warm, oxygen-rich surface layer sits over a cold, oxygen-poor bottom. Illustration, not to scale.

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